What is a IFB (Invitation for Bid)?
Also known as: Invitation for Bid, Sealed bidding
An invitation for bid (IFB) is a solicitation used in sealed bidding, where the government awards a firm-fixed-price contract to the lowest responsive, responsible bidder. There are no negotiations or proposals — price is the deciding factor as long as the bidder meets the requirements.
How sealed bidding works
- The agency issues a complete, clearly defined requirement.
- Bidders submit sealed price bids by the deadline.
- Bids are opened publicly at the same time.
- Award goes to the lowest responsive, responsible bidder.
When IFBs are used
Sealed bidding fits well-defined requirements — such as construction or standard supplies — where the government can write a precise specification and discussions are unnecessary.
Frequently asked questions
What does 'responsive and responsible' mean?
Responsive means the bid conforms to the solicitation's material terms. Responsible means the bidder has the capability, integrity, and resources to perform. Both must be met to win an IFB.
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